Rockfall hazard analysis for an historical Castle in Kastamonu (Turkey)

TOPAL T., Akin M., Akin M.

NATURAL HAZARDS, cilt.62, sa.2, ss.255-274, 2012 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 62 Sayı: 2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2012
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11069-011-9995-1
  • Dergi Adı: NATURAL HAZARDS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.255-274
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Kastamonu Castle, Hazard, Rockfall, Sandstone, Zonation map, Kastamonu, Turkey, MODELING TECHNIQUES, RESTRAINING NETS, RISK-ASSESSMENT, SIMULATION, DESIGN, IMPACT, FALLS, TRAJECTORIES, CALIFORNIA, DISTANCE
  • Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

The Kastamonu Castle located on a sandstone hill with Eocene age is one of the most historical and touristic places in Kastamonu city center. The settlement of the city expanded towards the hill of the Kastamonu Castle and adversely affected by rockfalls in the past. The rockfall problems around the castle could be related to jointing, weathering, freezing-thawing and earthquake effects or a combination. In this study, the rockfall hazard at the castle is evaluated by two-dimensional rockfall analyses along 17 profiles selected in different orientations. Different size of rock blocks and various types of movements are taken into consideration in the analyses. Fall-out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of the sandstone blocks are separately evaluated. The obtained data are used to define the possible rockfall hazard zones. Finally, the areas having potential rockfall risks are distinguished. Based on the evaluation of the data, rock bolting after removing of unstable blocks and supporting the area with the protective fences are suggested.