An investigation of the mutagenic activity of salamide - a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide

EMERCE E., ÇOK İ., Sari S., Bostanci O.

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS, cilt.26, sa.9, ss.644-649, 2016 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 26 Sayı: 9
  • Basım Tarihi: 2016
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1222642
  • Dergi Adı: TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.644-649
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Bacterial reverse mutation test, genotoxic impurities, hydrochlorothiazide, mutagenicity, salamide impurity, IN-VITRO GENOTOXICITY, MICROTITRE FLUCTUATION TEST, CANCER, RISK, CARCINOGENICITY, LEVOFLOXACIN, HYPERTENSION, MECHANISMS, CHILDREN, PROFILE
  • Abdullah Gül Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Hydrochlorothiazide is a widely used antihypertensive agent and one of its major impurities, salamide (4-amino-6-chlorobenzene-1,3-disulphonamide), has a chemical structure containing a primary amino group, a functional group that has previously been reported to be associated with carcinogenic activity. It is known that hydrochlorothiazide purity is a challenging problem for the pharmaceutical industry. As there were no prior mutagenicity data for the impurity salamide, the aim was to investigate its mutagenicity in this study. Salamide was tested for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and E. coli WP2 uvrA_E. coli WP2 [pKM101] strains at six different concentrations, the highest concentration being the 5000 lg/plate. In both the presence and absence of the metabolic activation system, no mutagenic activity was observed. Results indicated that salamide should be classified as an ordinary impurity and controlled according to Q3A(R2) and Q3B(R2) guidelines.