Gecekondu (Informal settlements) formation and transformation process in Turkey
Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Cardiff Üniversitesi , Coğrafya ve Planlama, Uluslararası Planlama ve Kalkınma (MSc), İngiltere
Tez Danışmanı: Prof Alison Brown
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2014
Tezin Dili: İngilizce
Desteklendiği Program: Diğer
Özet:
Similarly, other developing countries, after WW II, Turkey experienced a process of rapid urbanisation and neither job neither opportunities nor housing stock were sufficient to meet new migrants’ needs (Balaban, 2012). As a result of insufficient housing production informal settlements (gecekondu) emerged in the larger cities of Turkey from the 1950s onwards. The first migrants built their houses on public lands, but over time buying and selling gecekondu outside of formal markets and building gecekondus without construction permission became common practice (Yonder, 1987). Over time, the approach of the government and academics to gecekondu and gecekondu dwellers has changed in line with the prevailing economic social and political background of the period (Erman, 2001).
The thesis has three main aims. Firstly, to examine the evolution of gecekondu formation in Turkey after WWII up to today. Secondly, to examine the changes in local and government response to gecekondu (as illegal housing settlements) in the context of Ankara and finally to examine the outcomes of government upgrading programmes for gecekondu owners, through a case studies of two projects in Ankara's Sentepe District, one affected by a 1980s IDP (Improvement and Development Plan), and a second subject to a 1990s UTP (Urban Transformation Project). The case study is Sentepe District. The interview was used as a primary data collection method. In this context, 30 structured interviews with in different families and with 2 experts in Municipality conducted at the Sentepe District. Interviews are conducted in 6 different parts of the Sentepe District according to different stages of the upgrading projects by using the snowball sampling method.
According to structured interviews with former gecekondu residents, the outcome of the government upgrading programmes for gecekondu owners is the increase of housing standards, but the creation of many social problems. Basic infrastructure has been provided with the programs. However, the problems are the distribution of neighbourhoods’ relations, replacement of gecekondu owners, increasing rent and other costs due to moving another house. Also; there are implementation problems with the plans such as insufficient green areas, sports fields, and health and education facilities.